| 基本元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Tag | 标签，最基本的信息组织单元，分别用>和/>标明开头和结尾 |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.title)
tag = soup.a
print(tag)
title>This is a python demo page/title> a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" >Basic Python/a>
任何存在于HTML语法中的标签都可以用soup.访问获得。当HTML文档中存在多个相同对应内容时，soup.返回第一个
| 基本元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Name | 标签的名字，
… 的名字是'p',格式：.name |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.a.name)
print(soup.a.parent.name)
print(soup.a.parent.parent.name)
a p body
| 基本元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Attributes | 标签的属性，字典形式组织，格式：.attrs |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
tag = soup.a
print(tag.attrs)
print(tag.attrs['class'])
print(tag.attrs['href'])
print(type(tag.attrs))
print(type(tag))
{'href': 'http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001', 'class': ['py1'], 'id': 'link1'}
['py1']
http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001
class 'dict'>
class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
Tag的NavigableString
| 基本元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| NavigableString | 标签内非属性字符串，>…/>中字符串，格式：.string |
| 基本元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Comment | 标签内字符串的注释部分，一种特殊的Comment类型 |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
newsoup = BeautifulSoup("b>!--This is a comment-->/b>p>This is not a comment/p>","html.parser")
print(newsoup.b.string)
print(type(newsoup.b.string))
print(newsoup.p.string)
print(type(newsoup.p.string))
This is a comment class 'bs4.element.Comment'> This is not a comment class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>
| 属性 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| .contents | 子节点的列表，将所有儿子结点存入列表 |
| .children | 子节点的迭代类型，与.contents类似，用于循环遍历儿子结点 |
| .descendents | 子孙节点的迭代类型，包含所有子孙节点，用于循环遍历 |
BeautifulSoup类型是标签树的根节点
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.head)
print(soup.head.contents)
print(soup.body.contents)
print(len(soup.body.contents))
print(soup.body.contents[1])
head>title>This is a python demo page/title>/head> [title>This is a python demo page/title>] ['\n', p >b>The demo python introduces several python courses./b>/p>, '\n', p >Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses: a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" >Basic Python/a> and a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" >Advanced Python/a>./p>, '\n'] 5 p >b>The demo python introduces several python courses./b>/p>
for child in soup.body.children: print(child) #遍历儿子结点 for child in soup.body.descendants: print(child) #遍历子孙节点
| 属性 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| .parent | 节点的父亲标签 |
| .parents | 节点先辈标签的迭代类型，用于循环遍历先辈节点 |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.title.parent)
print(soup.html.parent)
head>title>This is a python demo page/title>/head> html>head>title>This is a python demo page/title>/head> body> p >b>The demo python introduces several python courses./b>/p> p >Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses: a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" >Basic Python/a> and a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" >Advanced Python/a>./p> /body>/html>
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
for parent in soup.a.parents:
if parent is None:
print(parent)
else:
print(parent.name)
p body html [document]
| 属性 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| .next_sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的下一个平行节点标签 |
| .previous.sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的上一个平行节点标签 |
| .next_siblings | 迭代类型，返回按照HTML文本顺序的后续所有平行节点标签 |
| .previous.siblings | 迭代类型，返回按照HTML文本顺序的前续所有平行节点标签 |
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.a.next_sibling)
print(soup.a.next_sibling.next_sibling)
print(soup.a.previous_sibling)
print(soup.a.previous_sibling.previous_sibling)
print(soup.a.parent)
and a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python/a> Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses: None p class="course">Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses: a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python/a> and a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python/a>./p>
for sibling in soup.a.next_sibling: print(sibling) #遍历后续节点 for sibling in soup.a.previous_sibling: print(sibling) #遍历前续节点
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://python123.io/ws/demo.html")
demo = r.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.prettify())
html>
head>
title>
This is a python demo page
/title>
/head>
body>
p class="title">
b>
The demo python introduces several python courses.
/b>
/p>
p class="course">
Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
Basic Python
/a>
and
a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">
Advanced Python
/a>
.
/p>
/body>
/html>
.prettify()为HTML文本>及其内容增加更加'\n'
.prettify()可用于标签，方法：.prettify()
bs4库将任何HTML输入都变成utf-8编码
python 3.x默认支持编码是utf-8,解析无障碍
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup("p>中文/p>","html.parser")
print(soup.p.string)
print(soup.p.prettify())
中文 p> 中文 /p>
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