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    Oracle 表空间查询与操作方法
    一。查询篇
    1.查询oracle表空间的使用情况
    select b.file_id  文件ID,
      b.tablespace_name  表空间,
      b.file_name     物理文件名,
      b.bytes       总字节数,
      (b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))   已使用,
      sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))        剩余,
      sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比
      from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
      where a.file_id=b.file_id
      group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
      order by b.tablespace_name
    2.查询oracle系统用户的默认表空间和临时表空间
    select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users
    3.查询单张表的使用情况
    select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = 'RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY' and owner = USER
    RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY是您要查询的表名称
    4.查询所有用户表使用大小的前三十名
    select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = USER order by bytes desc ) where rownum = 30
    5.查询当前用户默认表空间的使用情况
    select tablespacename,sum(totalContent),sum(usecontent),sum(sparecontent),avg(sparepercent)
    from
    (
    SELECT b.file_id as id,b.tablespace_name as tablespacename,b.bytes as totalContent,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) as usecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) as sparecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 as sparepercent
    FROM dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
    WHERE a.file_id=b.file_id and b.tablespace_name = (select default_tablespace from dba_users where username = user)
    group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
    )
    GROUP BY tablespacename
    6.查询用户表空间的表
    select * from user_tables
    ==================================================================================
    一、建立表空间
    CREATE TABLESPACE test
    DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M
    UNIFORM SIZE 1M; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定,区尺寸默认为64k

    CREATE TABLESPACE test
    DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M
    MINIMUM EXTENT 50K EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MAXEXTENTS 100 PCTINCREASE 0);
    可从dba_tablespaces中查看刚创建的表空间的信息
    二、建立UNDO表空间
    CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE test_undo
    DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test_undo.dbf' SIZE 50M
    UNDO表空间的EXTENT是由本地管理的,而且在创建时的SQL语句中只能使用DATAFILE和EXTENT MANAGEMENT子句。
    ORACLE规定在任何时刻只能将一个还原表空间赋予数据库,即在一个实例中可以有多个还原表空间存在,但只能有一个为活动的。可以使用ALTER SYSTEM命令进行还原表空间的切换。
    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE = test_undo;
    三、建立临时表空间
    CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE test_temp
    TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test_temp.dbf' SIZE 50M
    查看系统当前默认的临时表空间
    select * from dba_properties where property_name like 'DEFAULT%'
    改变系统默认临时表空间
    alter database default temporary tablespace test_temp;
    四、改变表空间状态
    1.使表空间脱机
    ALTER TABLESPACE test OFFLINE;
    如果是意外删除了数据文件,则必须带有RECOVER选项
    ALTER TABLESPACE game test FOR RECOVER;
    2.使表空间联机
    ALTER TABLESPACE test ONLINE;
    3.使数据文件脱机
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE;
    4.使数据文件联机
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE;
    5.使表空间只读
    ALTER TABLESPACE test READ ONLY;
    6.使表空间可读写
    ALTER TABLESPACE test READ WRITE;
    五、删除表空间
    DROP TABLESPACE test INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
    DROP TABLESPACE 表空间名 [INCL ING CONTENTS [AND DATAFILES] [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]]
    1. INCL ING CONTENTS 子句用来删除段
    2. AND DATAFILES 子句用来删除数据文件
    3. CASCADE CONSTRAINTS 子句用来删除所有的引用完整性约束

    六、扩展表空间
    首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件
    select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
    round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
    from dba_data_files
    order by tablespace_name;
    1.增加数据文件
    ALTER TABLESPACE test
    ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test02.dbf' SIZE 1000M;
    2.手动增加数据文件尺寸
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'
    RESIZE 100M;
    3.设定数据文件自动扩展
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M
    MAXSIZE 200M;
    设定后可从dba_tablespace中查看表空间信息,从v$datafile中查看对应的数据文件信息
    ==================================================================================
    create tablespace scgl
    datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl2.dbf'
    size 50m
    autoextend on
    next 50m maxsize 20480m
    extent management local;
    create tablespace test_data
    logging
    datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_data.dbf'
    size 50m
    autoextend on
    next 50m maxsize 20480m
    extent management local;
    create user scgl identified by qwer1234
    default tablespace scgl
    temporary tablespace scgl_temp;
    tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_temp.dbf'
    create temporary tablespace scgl_temp
    tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl_temp.dbf'
    size 50m
    autoextend on
    next 50m maxsize 20480m
    extent management local;
    grant connect,resource, dba to scgl;
    oracle创建表空间 SYS用户在CMD下以DBA身份登陆:
    在CMD中打sqlplus /nolog
    然后再
    conn / as sysdba
    //创建临时表空间
    create temporary tablespace user_temp
    tempfile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_temp.dbf'
    size 50m
    autoextend on
    next 50m maxsize 20480m
    extent management local;
    //创建数据表空间
    create tablespace test_data
    logging
    datafile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_data.dbf'
    size 50m
    autoextend on
    next 50m maxsize 20480m
    extent management local;
    //创建用户并指定表空间
    create user username identified by password
    default tablespace user_data
    temporary tablespace user_temp;
    查询表空间使用情况
    SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",
    TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
    F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
    F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"
    FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
    ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
    FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
    GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
    (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
    FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
    GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
    WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME
    ORDER BY 1
    查询表空间的free space
    select tablespace_name,
    count(*) as extends,
    round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB,
    sum(blocks) as blocks
    from dba_free_space
    group by tablespace_name;
    --查询表空间的总容量
    select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_data_files
    group by tablespace_name;
    查询表空间使用率
    select total.tablespace_name,
    round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,
    round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,
    round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct
    from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_free_space
    group by tablespace_name) free,
    (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_data_files
    group by tablespace_name) total
    where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    1.建立表空间:create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M uniform size 128k
    #指定区尺寸为128k ,块大小为默认8K
    #大文件表空间 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100G
    2.建非标准表show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M blocksize 2K uniform size 128k
    #常见错误
    SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache
    #解决
    SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=400M scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M; System altered.
    3.查看区大小与块大小#区大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; Insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t');
    #块大小 Show parameter block(默认64K)
    #非标准表空间的blocksize SQL> select * from v$dbfile; SQL> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; SQL> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14;
    4.删除表空间drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles
    5.查表空间:#查数据文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空间 select * from v$tablespace;
    #表空间的数据文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
    6.建立undo表空间create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5M;
    #切换到新建的undo表空间 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01;
    7.建立临时表空间create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db' size 5M; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db' size 5M;
    8.改变表空间状态
    (0.)查看状态
    #表空间状态 select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces;
    #数据文件状态 select name,block_size,status from v$datafile;
    (1.)表空间脱机alter tablespace test offline
    #如果意外删除了数据文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover
    (2.)表空间联机alter tablespace test online
    (3.)数据文件脱机select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline
    (4.)数据文件联机recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online;
    (5.)使表空间只读alter tablespace test read only
    (6.)使表空间可读写alter tablespace test read write;
    9.扩展表空间#首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件及空间 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; #三种扩展方法
    1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10M(自动加一个datafile)
    2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20M;
    3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10M maxsize 1G;
    #设定后查看表空间信息
    select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name;
    10.移动表空间的数据文件
    #先确定数据文件据在表空间
    SQL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf';
    #open状态
    SQL>alter tablespace test offline; SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; SQL>alter tablespace test offline;
    #mount状态 SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup mount SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf';
    11.表空间和数据文件常用的数据字典与动态性能视图v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces
    --查询表空间使用情况
    SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",
    TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
    F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
    F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"
    FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
    ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
    FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
    GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
    (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
    FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
    GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
    WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME
    ORDER BY 1
    --查询表空间的free space
    select tablespace_name,
    count(*) as extends,
    round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB,
    sum(blocks) as blocks
    from dba_free_space
    group by tablespace_name;
    --查询表空间的总容量
    select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_data_files
    group by tablespace_name;
    --查询表空间使用率
    select total.tablespace_name,
    round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,
    round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,
    round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct
    from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_free_space
    group by tablespace_name) free,
    (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
    from dba_data_files
    group by tablespace_name) total
    where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;
    //给用户授予权限
    grant connect,resource to username;
    //以后以该用户登录,创建的任何数据库对象都属于user_temp 和user_data表空间,
    这就不用在每创建一个对象给其指定表空间了
    撤权:
    revoke 权限... from 用户名;
    删除用户命令
    drop user user_name cascade;

    建立表空间
    CREATE TABLESPACE data01
    DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500M
    UNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定,区尺寸默认为64k

    删除表空间
    DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
    一、建立表空间
    CREATE TABLESPACE data01
    DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500M
    UNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定,区尺寸默认为64k
    二、建立UNDO表空间
    CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS02
    DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/UNDOTBS02.dbf' SIZE 50M
    #注意:在OPEN状态下某些时刻只能用一个UNDO表空间,如果要用新建的表空间,必须切换到该表空间:
    ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS02;
    三、建立临时表空间
    CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_data
    TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/TEMP_DATA.dbf' SIZE 50M
    四、改变表空间状态
    1.使表空间脱机
    ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE;
    如果是意外删除了数据文件,则必须带有RECOVER选项
    ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE FOR RECOVER;
    2.使表空间联机
    ALTER TABLESPACE game ONLINE;
    3.使数据文件脱机
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE;
    4.使数据文件联机
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE;
    5.使表空间只读
    ALTER TABLESPACE game READ ONLY;
    6.使表空间可读写
    ALTER TABLESPACE game READ WRITE;
    五、删除表空间
    DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

    六、扩展表空间
    首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件
    select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
    round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
    from dba_data_files
    order by tablespace_name;
    1.增加数据文件
    ALTER TABLESPACE game
    ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME02.dbf' SIZE 1000M;
    2.手动增加数据文件尺寸
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf'
    RESIZE 4000M;
    3.设定数据文件自动扩展
    ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M
    MAXSIZE 10000M;

    设定后查看表空间信息
    SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
    (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
    FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
    WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE
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