--查询所有用户表所有字段的特征
SELECT D.Name as TableName, A.colorder AS ColOrder, A.name AS Name, 
 COLUMNPROPERTY(A.ID,A.Name, 'IsIdentity') AS IsIdentity, 
 CASE WHEN EXISTS
 (SELECT 1
 FROM dbo.sysobjects
 WHERE Xtype = 'PK' AND Name IN
 (SELECT Name
 FROM sysindexes
 WHERE indid IN
 (SELECT indid
 FROM sysindexkeys
 WHERE ID = A.ID AND colid = A.colid))) 
 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS 主键, 
 B.name AS 类型,
 A.length AS [长度],
 A.xprec AS [精度],
 A.xscale AS [小数],
 CASE WHEN A.isnullable = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS [可为空], 
ISNULL(E.text, ' ') AS [默认值], 
 ISNULL(G.[value], ' ') AS [说明]
FROM dbo.syscolumns A LEFT OUTER JOIN
 dbo.systypes B ON A.xtype = B.xusertype INNER JOIN
 dbo.sysobjects D ON A.id = D.id AND D.xtype = 'U' AND 
 D.name > 'dtproperties' LEFT OUTER JOIN
 dbo.syscomments E ON A.cdefault = E.id 
 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysproperties G ON A.id = G.id AND A.colid = G.smallid
--WHERE D.Name='tablename' --如果找指定表,把注释去掉
ORDER BY 1, 2

--查询所有用户表所有字段的特征
SELECT  
(case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end) as 表名,--如果表名相同就返回空  
   a.colorder as 字段序号,  
   a.name as 字段名,  
   (case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name, 'IsIdentity' )=1 then '√' else '' end) as 标识,  
   (case when (SELECT count(*) FROM sysobjects--查询主键  
           WHERE (name in  
               (SELECT name FROM sysindexes  
               WHERE (id = a.id)  AND (indid in  
                   (SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys  
                    WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in  
                     (SELECT colid FROM syscolumns  
                     WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))  
             )))))  
     AND (xtype = 'PK' ))>0 then '√' else '' end) as 主键,--查询主键END  
b.name as 类型,  
a.length as 占用字节数,  
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION' ) as  长度,  
isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale' ),0) as 小数位数,  
(case when a.isnullable=1 then '√' else '' end) as 允许空,  
isnull(e.text,'' ) as 默认值,  
isnull(g.[value],'' ) AS 字段说明  
FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b  
on a.xtype=b.xusertype  
inner join sysobjects d  
on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name> 'dtproperties'  
left join syscomments e  
on a.cdefault=e.id  
left join sys.extended_properties g  
on a.id=g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id  
   --where d.name='PE_U_ValliMessage' --所要查询的表  
order by a.id,a.colorder

SELECT
(case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end) N'表名',
a.colorder N'字段序号',
a.name N'字段名',
isnull(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明',
(case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else ''
end) N'标识',
(case when (SELECT count(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
(SELECT name
FROM sysindexes
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
(SELECT indid
FROM sysindexkeys
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
(SELECT colid
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
(xtype = 'PK'))>0 then '√' else '' end) N'主键',
b.name N'类型',
a.length N'占用字节数',
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as N'长度',
isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as N'小数位数',
(case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end) N'允许空',
isnull(e.text,'') N'默认值'

FROM syscolumns a
left join systypes b
on a.xtype=b.xusertype
inner join sysobjects d
on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name>'dtproperties'
left join syscomments e
on a.cdefault=e.id
left join sys.extended_properties g
on a.id=g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id
--where条件输入表名
where d.name='ConsumeBillBody'
order by object_name(a.id),a.colorder