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    BAT批处理、VBScript批量安装字体脚本分享

    根据新系统要求,经常要部署一些原来系统里没有的字体,原先我为了图省事经常会要求用户手动安装字体文件,虽然Windows的易用性做得相当不错,但是仍然要照顾一些不会安装字体的人,其实把这些字体打包进安装包更为方便,不过我觉得总不能每有新字体都要搞个安装包那么麻烦吧。更重要的是仍然有人会问我字体怎么安装,以前清一色的Windows XP系统,我倒也方便,直接告知打开控制面板找到字体文件夹,把要安装的字体拖进去即可;现在有Windows 7还是Windows 8等各种版本Windows系统,对于安装字体这个小小操作我也开始分情况讨论了。

    使用特殊文件夹或者DESKTOP.INI方法

    使用特殊文件夹方法

    Windows保留了一种特殊文件夹引用,比如在Windows XP的情况下,新建一个文件夹,然后在文件夹重命名后缀.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}(注意以点号分隔),然后这个文件夹就变成了回收站的一个引用,当我们点击进去的时候实际上进去的是回收站。

    好了我在想对于字体是不是也可以搞个文件夹引用,这样直接叫用户把要安装的字体拖进去即可,大家注意到这个成功的关键在于后面那段长长的ID号,那个学名叫做GUID,通常可以通过注册表查询,主要路径在于:

    复制代码 代码如下:
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer

    比如回收站就位于下面的注册表路径:
    复制代码 代码如下:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Desktop\NameSpace

    对于字体我也在如下路径找到了:
    复制代码 代码如下:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel\NameSpace

    字体的GUID是{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152},但是当我新建一个文件夹并且名称以.{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}(注意点号)结尾,当我点进去时却不能进入字体文件夹,于是这个想法被验证为失败。

    使用Desktop.ini方法

    其实建立特殊文件夹还有一个方法就是采用文件夹的Desktop.ini,抱着试试的心态,我在文件夹内部建立了Desktop.ini,内容如下:

    复制代码 代码如下:

    [.ShellClassInfo]
    IconFile=%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll
    IconIndex=38
    CLSID={D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}

    很遗憾,依然不能直达字体目录,所以这一种办法也是行不通的。

    本着方便群众的想法,我决定做个小小的程序,当然我首先求助了万能的Google。原本想搞个桌面程序来着,也找到老外现成的代码FontReg – Windows Font Registration Installation Utility。后来随着研究的深入,突然发现这玩意儿用批处理或者脚本实现更为简单。

    CMD或BAT批处理安装字体

    通常情况下字体文件夹位于C:\Windows\Fonts,转换为带环境变量的通用版本为%SystemRoot%\Fonts\,我们也许想当然的认为将字体复制到这个路径下就完成了安装,其实不然,系统安装字体不单单是将字体文件复制到这个路径下,其还进行了其他操作,比如更新注册表字体列表。通常情况下这个列表位于路径如下:

    复制代码 代码如下:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts

    于是对于批处理来说,网上安装字体流程大概分为两派,首先第一步复制到Fonts文件夹,这个是公认的,第二步则有不同:一派认为应该更新注册表;另一派则倾向于使用AddFontResource这个函数。

    使用AddFontResource更新系统字体列表

    什么是AddFontResource函数?这是个Win32 API函数,位于gdi32.dll动态链接库上,MSDN参考见这里。我们可以编译调用这个函数,什么?“编译”?貌似和这里讲的批处理差远了吧,别急,好在这个函数签名不复杂,其有个AddFontResourceA的ANSI版本,这样给我们直接外部通过rundll32调用提供了可能,例如下面的代码片段:

    复制代码 代码如下:

    rundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %SystemRoot%\Fonts\字体.ttf

    具体的代码如下(来源不详,将该批处理和TTF字体位于同一路径下,然后双击即可):

    复制代码 代码如下:

    for /f %%a in ('dir /x /b *.ttf') do (
    dir %windir%fonts%%a>nul 2>nul||(copy %%a %windir%fonts>nul 2>nulrundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %windir%fonts%%a)
    )

    实际操作来看,这段代码在我的电脑上没有产生任何效果。

    使用注册表更新系统字体列表

    参考《Windows 7: Installing fonts via command line/script》这个帖子,找到下面的代码:

    @ECHO OFF
    TITLE Adding Fonts..
    REM Filename: ADD_Fonts.cmd
    REM Script to ADD TrueType and OpenType Fonts for Windows
    REM By Islam Adel
    REM 2012-01-16
     
    REM How to use:
    REM Place the batch file inside the folder of the font files OR:
    REM Optional Add source folder as parameter with ending backslash and dont use quotes, spaces are allowed
    REM example "ADD_fonts.cmd" C:\Folder 1\Folder 2\
    
     
    IF NOT "%*"=="" SET SRC=%*
    ECHO.
    ECHO Adding Fonts..
    ECHO.
    FOR /F %%i in ('dir /b "%SRC%*.*tf"') DO CALL :FONT %%i
    REM OPTIONAL REBOOT
    REM shutdown -r -f -t 10 -c "Reboot required for Fonts installation"
    ECHO.
    ECHO Done!
    PAUSE
    EXIT
     
    :FONT
    ECHO.
    REM ECHO FILE=%~f1
    SET FFILE=%~n1%~x1
    SET FNAME=%~n1
    SET FNAME=%FNAME:-= %
    IF "%~x1"==".otf" SET FTYPE=(OpenType)
    IF "%~x1"==".ttf" SET FTYPE=(TrueType)
     
    ECHO FILE=%FFILE%
    ECHO NAME=%FNAME%
    ECHO TYPE=%FTYPE%
     
    COPY /Y "%SRC%%~n1%~x1" "%SystemRoot%\Fonts\"
    reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts" /v "%FNAME% %FTYPE%" /t REG_SZ /d "%FFILE%" /f
    GOTO :EOF
    

    仔细阅读代码后发现,这段批处理在复制字体并更新注册表后居然要重启电脑(汗~),这种做法显然对最终用户不太友好,综合以上我决定放弃批处理的方式安装字体。

    使用VBSCRIPT安装字体

    最后我还是干回老本行,使用VBScript脚本来实现这个功能。脚本的重点是采用Shell.ApplicationActiveX/COM对象实现复制到系统特殊文件夹下,实际上这个操作和用户手动复制到字体文件夹下一样,系统会自动为我们安装字体而不需要我们顾及注册表更新的问题,对于Vista及更高版本的系统来说,我参考了《The true ultimate font install for Windows 7 and XP vbs》的做法,使用.InvokeVerb("Install")直接调用字体文件对象的安装命令。

    详细的代码如下(请复制的朋友手下留情,保留版权信息,谢谢):

    复制代码 代码如下:

    '
    ' File Description : VBScript Windows Fonts Installer
    '
    ' Copyright (c) 2012-2013 WangYe. All rights reserved.
    '
    ' Author: WangYe
    ' This code is distributed under the BSD license
    '
    ' Usage:
    '    Drag Font files or folder to this script
    '    or Double click this script file, It will install fonts on the current directory
    '    or select font directory to install
    ' *** 请不要移除此版权信息 ***
    '
    Option Explicit
     
    Const FONTS = H14
    Const HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = H80000002
    Const strComputer = "."
     
    Const SHELL_MY_COMPUTER = H11
    Const SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE = 0
    Const SHELL_OPTIONS = 0
    Function GetOpenDirectory(title)
        Dim ShlApp,ShlFdr,ShlFdrItem
     
        Set ShlApp = WSH.CreateObject("Shell.Application")
        Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.Namespace(SHELL_MY_COMPUTER)
        Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
        GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
        Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
        Set ShlFdr = Nothing
     
        Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.BrowseForFolder _
                    (SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE, _
                    title, _
                    SHELL_OPTIONS, _
                    GetOpenDirectory)
        If ShlFdr Is Nothing Then
            GetOpenDirectory = ""
        Else
            Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
            GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
            Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
        End If
        Set ShlApp = Nothing
    End Function
     
     
    Function IsVista()
        IsVista = False
        Dim objWMIService, colOperationSystems, objOperationSystem
        Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" strComputer "\root\cimv2")
        Set colOperationSystems = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem")
            For Each objOperationSystem In colOperationSystems
                If CInt(Left(objOperationSystem.Version, 1)) > 5 Then
                    IsVista = True
                    Exit Function
                End If
            Next
        Set colOperationSystems = Nothing
        Set objWMIService = Nothing
    End Function
     
    Class FontInstaller
     
        Private objShell
        Private objFolder
        Private objRegistry
        Private strKeyPath
        Private objRegExp
        Private objFileSystemObject
        Private objDictFontFiles
        Private objDictFontNames
        Private pfnCallBack
        Private blnIsVista
     
        Public Property Get FileSystemObject
            Set FileSystemObject = objFileSystemObject
        End Property
     
        Public Property Let CallBack(value)
            pfnCallBack = value
        End Property
     
        Private Sub Class_Initialize()
            strKeyPath = "Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts"
     
            Set objShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")
            Set objFileSystemObject = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
            Set objFolder = objShell.Namespace(FONTS)
            Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
            Set objDictFontNames = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
            Set objRegistry = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" _
                         strComputer "\root\default:StdRegProv")
            Set objRegExp = New RegExp
                objRegExp.Global = False
                objRegExp.Pattern = "^([^\(]+) \(.+$"
     
            blnIsVista = IsVista()
            makeFontNameList
            makeFontFileList
        End Sub
     
        Private Sub Class_Terminate()
            Set objRegExp = Nothing
            Set objRegistry = Nothing
            Set objFolder = Nothing
                objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
            Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
                objDictFontNames.RemoveAll
            Set objDictFontNames = Nothing
            Set objFileSystemObject = Nothing
            Set objShell = Nothing
        End Sub
     
        Private Function GetFilenameWithoutExtension(ByVal FileName)
            ' http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/ebe19301-541a-412b-8e89-08c4263cc60b/get-filename-without-extension
            Dim Result, i
            Result = FileName
            i = InStrRev(FileName, ".")
            If ( i > 0 ) Then
            Result = Mid(FileName, 1, i - 1)
            End If
            GetFilenameWithoutExtension = Result
        End Function
     
        Private Sub makeFontNameList()
            On Error Resume Next
            Dim strValue,arrEntryNames
            objRegistry.EnumValues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, strKeyPath, arrEntryNames
            For Each strValue in arrEntryNames
               objDictFontNames.Add objRegExp.Replace(strValue, "$1"), strValue
            Next
            If Err.Number>0 Then Err.Clear
        End Sub
     
        Private Sub makeFontFileList()
            On Error Resume Next
            Dim objFolderItem,colItems,objItem
            Set objFolderItem = objFolder.Self
            'Wscript.Echo objFolderItem.Path
            Set colItems = objFolder.Items
            For Each objItem in colItems
                objDictFontFiles.Add GetFilenameWithoutExtension(objItem.Name),objItem.Name
            Next
            Set colItems = Nothing
            Set objFolderItem = Nothing
            If Err.Number>0 Then Err.Clear
        End Sub
     
        Function getBaseName(ByVal strFileName)
            getBaseName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
        End Function
     
        Public Function PathAddBackslash(strFileName)
            PathAddBackslash = strFileName
            If objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(strFileName) Then
              Dim last
              ' 文件夹存在
              ' 截取最后一个字符
              last = Right(strFileName, 1)
              If last>"\" And last>"/" Then
                PathAddBackslash = strFileName "\"
              End If
            End If
        End Function
     
        Public Function isFontInstalled(ByVal strName)
            isFontInstalled = objDictFontNames.Exists(strName) Or objDictFontFiles.Exists(strName)
        End Function
     
        Public Function isFontFileInstalled(ByVal strFileName)
            isFontFileInstalled = isFontInstalled(objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName))
        End Function
     
        Public Sub installFromFile(ByVal strFileName)
            Dim strExtension, strBaseFileName, objCallBack, nResult
            strBaseFileName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
            strExtension = UCase(objFileSystemObject.GetExtensionName(strFileName))
     
            If Len(pfnCallBack) > 0 Then
                Set objCallBack = GetRef(pfnCallBack)
            Else
                Set objCallBack = Nothing
            End If
     
            If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
                If Not isFontInstalled(strBaseFileName) Then
                    If blnIsVista Then
                        Dim objFont, objFontNameSpace
                        Set objFontNameSpace = objShell.Namespace(objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName))
                        Set objFont = objFontNameSpace.ParseName(objFileSystemObject.GetFileName(strFileName))
                            'WSH.Echo objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName)
                            objFont.InvokeVerb("Install")
                        Set objFont = Nothing
                        Set objFontNameSpace = Nothing
                    Else
                    'WSH.Echo strFileName
                    objFolder.CopyHere strFileName
                    End If
     
                    nResult = 0
                Else
                    nResult = 1
                End If
            Else
                nResult = -1
            End If
     
            If IsObject(objCallBack) Then
                objCallBack Me, strFileName, nResult
                Set objCallBack = Nothing
     
            End If
        End Sub
     
        Public Sub installFromDirectory(ByVal strDirName)
            Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile
            Set objFolder = objFileSystemObject.GetFolder(strDirName)
            Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
            For Each objFile in colFiles
                If objFile.Size > 0 Then
                    installFromFile PathAddBackslash(strDirName) objFile.Name
                End If
            Next
     
            Set colFiles = Nothing
            Set objFolder = Nothing
        End Sub
     
        Public Sub setDragDrop(objArgs)
            ' http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/c488f3e0(v=vs.84).aspx
            Dim i
            For i = 0 to objArgs.Count - 1
               If objFileSystemObject.FileExists(objArgs(i)) Then
                    installFromFile objArgs(i)
               ElseIf objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(objArgs(i)) Then
                    installFromDirectory objArgs(i)
               End If
            Next
        End Sub
    End Class
     
    Sub ForceCScriptExecution()
        ' https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4692542/force-a-vbs-to-run-using-cscript-instead-of-wscript
        ' http://www.winhelponline.com/articles/185/1/VBScripts-and-UAC-elevation.html
        Dim Arg, Str
        If Not LCase( Right( WScript.FullName, 12 ) ) = "\cscript.exe" Then
            For Each Arg In WScript.Arguments
                If InStr( Arg, " " ) Then Arg = """" Arg """"
                Str = Str " " Arg
            Next
     
            If IsVista() Then
                CreateObject( "Shell.Application" ).ShellExecute _
                    "cscript.exe","//nologo """ _
                    WScript.ScriptFullName _
                    """ " Str, "", "runas", 1
            Else
     
                CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" ).Run _
                "cscript //nologo """ _
                WScript.ScriptFullName _
                """ " Str
     
            End If
            WScript.Quit
        End If
    End Sub
     
    Sub DisplayMessage(ByRef objInstaller, ByVal strFileName, ByVal nResult)
        WScript.StdOut.Write "Install " objInstaller.getBaseName(strFileName) " ->>> "
        Select Case nResult
            Case 0
                WScript.StdOut.Write "SUCCEEDED"
            Case 1
                WScript.StdOut.Write "ALREADY INSTALLED"
            Case -1
                WScript.StdOut.Write "FAILED (Reason: Not a Font File)"
        End Select
        WScript.StdOut.Write vbCrLf
    End Sub
     
    Sub Pause(strPause)
         WScript.Echo (strPause)
         WScript.StdIn.Read(1)
    End Sub
     
    Function VBMain(colArguments)
        VBMain = 0
     
        ForceCScriptExecution()
     
        WSH.Echo "Easy Font Installer 1.0" vbCrLf _
                  "Written By WangYe " vbCrLf vbCrLf
        Dim objInstaller, objFso, objDictFontFiles
        Set objInstaller = New FontInstaller
            objInstaller.CallBack = "DisplayMessage"
            If colArguments.Count > 0 Then
                objInstaller.setDragDrop colArguments
            Else
                Set objFso = objInstaller.FileSystemObject
                Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
                Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile, strDirName, strExtension
                strDirName = objFso.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName)
                Set objFolder = objFso.GetFolder(strDirName)
                Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
                For Each objFile in colFiles
                    If objFile.Size > 0 Then
                        strExtension = UCase(objFso.GetExtensionName(objFile.Name))
                        If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
                            objDictFontFiles.Add objFile.Name, objInstaller.PathAddBackslash(strDirName) objFile.Name
                        End If
                    End If
                Next
     
                Set colFiles = Nothing
                Set objFolder = Nothing
                Set objFso = Nothing
     
                If objDictFontFiles.Count > 0 Then
                    If MsgBox("Current Directory has " objDictFontFiles.Count " Font Files." vbCrLf _
                            vbCrLf "Click OK to continue install or Cancel to Select Directory", 1) = 1 Then
                          Dim i, objItems
                          For i = 0 To  objDictFontFiles.Count-1
                            objItems = objDictFontFiles.Items
                            objInstaller.installFromFile objItems(i)
                          Next
                    Else
                        strDirName = GetOpenDirectory("Select Fonts Directory:")
                        If strDirName>"" Then
                            objInstaller.installFromDirectory strDirName
                        Else
                            WScript.Echo "----- Drag Font File To This Script -----"
                        End If
                    End If
                End If
                    objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
                Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
            End If
        Set objInstaller = Nothing
     
        Pause vbCrLf vbCrLf "Press Enter to continue"
    End Function
     
    WScript.Quit(VBMain(WScript.Arguments))

    这个脚本的使用方法很简单,将上述代码保存为VBS文件,然后将要安装的字体或者包含字体的文件夹拖放到这个脚本文件即可,还有个方法就是直接双击脚本,然后按照提示会自动安装与脚本同路径的字体文件或者提示选择字体所在路径以便于安装。

    还有一处值得注意的是:我对已经安装的字体是采取建立字体列表,然后判断当前安装的字体是否存在于字体列表,字体列表的来源是已经安装的字体在系统的注册名(存在于注册表中)和已经安装的字体文件名。唯一遗憾的是我是通过比判断安装字体的文件名是否在字体列表中来判断字体是否安装,这里的问题主要是待安装的字体文件名不一定与字体真实的名字一致,字体真实的名字是需要读取二进制字体文件从中来获取的,这样脚本又复杂了,所以放弃了这种方式。

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