一.Linux的硬盘识别

2.6 kernel以后,linux会将识别到的硬件设备,在/dev/下建立相应的设备文件.如:

sda	表示第1块SCSI硬盘.
hda	表示第1块IDE硬盘(即连接在第1个IDE接口的Master口上).
scd0	表示第1个USB光驱.

当添加了新硬盘后,在/dev目录下会有相应的设备文件产生.cciss的硬盘是个例外,它的
设备文件在/dev/cciss/目录下.一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
 

二.在linux系统中添加新硬盘

下面说明一下,在GTES 11上,添加一块10G硬盘到第一个IDE口的Slave接口上.
 

安装好硬盘后,开机进入Turbolinux.以root身份登录.
执行fdisk -l命令显示当前系统的硬盘设备.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/hda2              14          89      610470   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda3              90        2610    20249932+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@g11-64-1 ~]#

显示hdb没有分区信息,大小为10G.
使用fdisk命令对hdb进行分区.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.


The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

输入: n 表示新建分区.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
输入: p 表示建立一个原始分区.
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
输入: 1 表示此分区编号为1.
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
输入: 回车 表示使用默认起始柱面号.
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305):
输入: 回车 表示使用默认结束柱面号.即此分区使用整个硬盘空间.
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): w
输入: w 存盘,退出fdisk.
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再使用fdisk -l命令查看分区情况.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/hda2              14          89      610470   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda3              90        2610    20249932+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdb1               1        1305    10482381   83  Linux

显示/dev/hdb上有一个hdb1分区,为linux格式.
分区后,需要对这个分区进行格式化.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/hdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1310720 inodes, 2620595 blocks
131029 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

将新建分区挂在到/mnt/hdb1上.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3              19G  8.2G  9.7G  46% /
/dev/hda1              99M   16M   79M  17% /boot
tmpfs                 250M     0  250M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdb1             9.9G  151M  9.2G   2% /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]#

hdb1已挂载到/mnt/hdb1上,剩余空间为9.2G.
在此分区上创建文件.
 

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# cd /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls > a
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls -hl
total 20K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  13 Nov  3 08:45 a
drwx------ 2 root root 16K Nov  3 08:44 lost+found
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]#

卸载hdb1分区.
 

[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# cd
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# umount /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3              19G  8.2G  9.7G  46% /
/dev/hda1              99M   16M   79M  17% /boot
tmpfs                 250M     0  250M   0% /dev/shm
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# 

三.设置新硬盘开机自动挂载

在/etc/fstab中添加新硬盘的挂载信息.添加下面一行:

/dev/hdb1       /mnt/hdb1               ext3 defaults         1       2

这样,每次开机后,系统会自动将/dev/hdb1挂载到/mnt/hdb1上.