Escape Sequence | Description |
\a | Bell (beep) |
\b | Backspace |
\cn | The Ctrl+n character |
\e | Escape |
\E | Ends the effect of \L, \U or \Q |
\f | Form feed |
\l | Forces the next letter into lowercase |
\L | All following letters are lowercase |
\n | Newline |
\r | Carriage return |
\Q | Do not look for special pattern characters |
\t | Tab |
\u | Force next letter into uppercase |
\U | All following letters are uppercase |
\v | Vertical tab |
\L、\U、\Q功能可以由\E关闭掉,如:
$a = "T\LHIS IS A \ESTRING"; # same as "This is a STRING"
.要在字符串中包含双引号或反斜线,则在其前加一个反斜线,反斜线还可以取消变量替换,如:
$res = "A quote \" and A backslash \\";
$result = 14;
print ("The value of \$result is $result.\n")的结果为:
The value of $result is 14.
.可用\nnn(8进制)或\xnn(16进制)来表示ASCII字符,如:
$result = "\377"; # this is the character 255,or EOF
$result = "\xff"; # this is also 255
.单引号字符串
单引号字符串与双引号字符串有两个区别,一是没有变量替换功能,二是反斜线不支持转义字符,而只在包含单引号和反斜线时起作用。单引号另一个特性是可以跨多行,如:
$text = 'This is two
lines of text
';
与下句等效:
$text = "This is two\nlines of text\n";
.字符串和数值的互相转换
例1:
$string = "43";
$number = 28;
$result = $string + $number; # $result = 71
若字符串中含有非数字的字符,则从左起至第一个非数字的字符,如:
$result = "hello" * 5; # $result = 0
$result = "12a34" +1; # $result = 13
.变量初始值
在PERL中,所有的简单变量都有缺省初始值:"",即空字符。但是建议给所有变量赋初值,否则当程序变得大而复杂后,很容易出现不可预料且很难调试的错误。