支持python的分布式计算框架Ray详解-巨人网络通讯

支持python的分布式计算框架Ray详解

项目地址：https://github.com/ray-project/ray

1、简介

Ray为构建分布式应用程序提供了一个简单、通用的API。Ray是一种分布式执行框架,便于大规模应用程序和利用先进的机器学习库。

Ray通过以下方式完成这项任务：

为构建和运行分布式应用程序提供简单的原语。

使最终用户能够并行化单个机器代码，而代码更改很少到零。

在核心Ray之上包含大量应用程序、库和工具，以支持复杂的应用程序。

2、安装

安装方式比较简单： pip install ray==1.4.1

[root@node2 ~]# pip install 'ray[default]'
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting ray[default]
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/13/ec/f727ddd3fbcdc6102eace62c9d5dd9d9ad8112d40eeb7de8783676aca24d/ray-1.4.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (51.6 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 51.6 MB 269 kB/s 
Collecting aiohttp
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/31/28/7b49246d7825c61e1a14306ab050e8eec48fcf5b009b19c8f6ea4e312467/aiohttp-3.7.4.post0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (1.3 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.3 MB 121.5 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: dataclasses in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ray[default]) (0.8)
Collecting protobuf>=3.15.3
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/53/4e/e2db88d0bb0bda6a879eea62fddbaf813719ce3770d458bc5580512d9c95/protobuf-3.17.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.0 MB 136.1 MB/s 
Collecting jsonschema
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Collecting aioredis
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Collecting pydantic>=1.8
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Collecting pyyaml
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Collecting numpy>=1.16
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Collecting gpustat
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/b4/69/d8c849715171aeabd61af7da080fdc60948b5a396d2422f1f4672e43d008/gpustat-0.6.0.tar.gz (78 kB)
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Collecting redis>=3.5.0
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     |████████████████████████████████| 72 kB 968 kB/s 
Collecting aiohttp-cors
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Collecting py-spy>=0.2.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/9d/4d/1a9cbe9a0b543e6733cb38afe26451522a9ef8e4897b59e74cc76838f245/py_spy-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (3.1 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 3.1 MB 131 kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ray[default]) (2.24.0)
Collecting colorama
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/44/98/5b86278fbbf250d239ae0ecb724f8572af1c91f4a11edf4d36a206189440/colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting filelock
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/93/83/71a2ee6158bb9f39a90c0dea1637f81d5eef866e188e1971a1b1ab01a35a/filelock-3.0.12-py3-none-any.whl (7.6 kB)
Collecting prometheus-client>=0.7.1
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/09/da/4e8471ff825769581593b5b84769d32f58e5373b59fccaf355d3529ad530/prometheus_client-0.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 56 kB 4.2 MB/s 
Collecting msgpack2.0.0,>=1.0.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/0c/0d/b1d9d32d03ce38ba5e2a37fbae850afd4530a14cc441e8335f1865a03705/msgpack-1.0.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (272 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 272 kB 127.6 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: click>=7.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ray[default]) (7.1.2)
Collecting opencensus
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/18/59/12044123133d000f705383ad98579aeb0dd82d66b33a254a21b54bf0d6bb/opencensus-0.7.13-py2.py3-none-any.whl (127 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 127 kB 128.9 MB/s 
Collecting grpcio>=1.28.1
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/eb/32/332a2bb0cee0d4040331952c5ef3d040d119a15b3c622b60bdcbe768bded/grpcio-1.39.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (4.3 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 4.3 MB 417 kB/s 
Collecting colorful
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/b0/8e/e386e248266952d24d73ed734c2f5513f34d9557032618c8910e605dfaf6/colorful-0.5.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (201 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 201 kB 113.9 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from grpcio>=1.28.1->ray[default]) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=3.7.4.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pydantic>=1.8->ray[default]) (3.10.0.0)
Collecting multidict7.0,>=4.5
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/a1/35/b22524d6b9cacfb4c5eff413a069bbc17c6ea628e54da5c6c989998ced5f/multidict-5.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (141 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 141 kB 120.6 MB/s 
Collecting idna-ssl>=1.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/46/03/07c4894aae38b0de52b52586b24bf189bb83e4ddabfe2e2c8f2419eec6f4/idna-ssl-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.4 kB)
Collecting attrs>=17.3.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/20/a9/ba6f1cd1a1517ff022b35acd6a7e4246371dfab08b8e42b829b6d07913cc/attrs-21.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (53 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 53 kB 3.9 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: chardet5.0,>=2.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from aiohttp->ray[default]) (3.0.4)
Collecting yarl2.0,>=1.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/da/08/52b26b44bce7b818b410aee37c5e424c9ea420c557bca97dc2adac29b151/yarl-1.6.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (293 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 293 kB 130.8 MB/s 
Collecting async-timeout4.0,>=3.0
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Requirement already satisfied: idna>=2.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from idna-ssl>=1.0->aiohttp->ray[default]) (2.10)
Collecting hiredis
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/82/72/313fb6d30b7e413c8662447f9a0abe9105494ceb9266ecb08d442c14afbb/hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (84 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 84 kB 4.8 MB/s 
Collecting nvidia-ml-py3>=7.352.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/6d/64/cce82bddb80c0b0f5c703bbdafa94bfb69a1c5ad7a79cff00b482468f0d3/nvidia-ml-py3-7.352.0.tar.gz (19 kB)
Collecting psutil
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/da/82/56cd16a4c5f53e3e5dd7b2c30d5c803e124f218ebb644ca9c30bc907eadd/psutil-5.8.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (291 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 291 kB 131.6 MB/s 
Collecting blessings>=1.6
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/03/74/489f85a78247609c6b4f13733cbf3ba0d864b11aa565617b645d6fdf2a4a/blessings-1.7-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jsonschema->ray[default]) (39.2.0)
Collecting pyrsistent>=0.14.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/6c/19/1af501f6f388a40ede6d0185ba481bdb18ffc99deab0dd0d092b173bc0f4/pyrsistent-0.18.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (117 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 117 kB 138.2 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jsonschema->ray[default]) (4.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from importlib-metadata->jsonschema->ray[default]) (3.4.1)
Collecting opencensus-context==0.1.2
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/f1/33/990f1bd9e7ee770fc8d3c154fc24743a96f16a0e49e14e1b7540cc2fdd93/opencensus_context-0.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.4 kB)
Collecting google-api-core2.0.0,>=1.0.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/aa/51/629a31d4e7db2bbc0b0b789ac4034108c68647bea9cf5b54c8366df47b8e/google_api_core-1.31.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (93 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 93 kB 1.6 MB/s 
Collecting contextvars
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/83/96/55b82d9f13763be9d672622e1b8106c85acb83edd7cc2fa5bc67cd9877e9/contextvars-2.4.tar.gz (9.6 kB)
Collecting google-auth2.0dev,>=1.25.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/d7/13/35b1e0a63e160ecad04985e60339382e48e6020d22f8328a2ab47226c910/google_auth-1.33.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (152 kB)
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Collecting packaging>=14.3
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Collecting googleapis-common-protos2.0dev,>=1.6.0
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Collecting setuptools
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/bd/25/5bdf7f1adeebd4e3fa76b2e2f045ae53ee208e40a4231ad0f0c3007e4353/setuptools-57.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (819 kB)
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Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from google-api-core2.0.0,>=1.0.0->opencensus->ray[default]) (2020.1)
Collecting cachetools5.0,>=2.0.0
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Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
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Collecting rsa5,>=3.1.4
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Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2
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Collecting pyasn10.5.0,>=0.4.6
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Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests->ray[default]) (2020.6.20)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,1.26,>=1.21.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests->ray[default]) (1.25.10)
Collecting immutables>=0.9
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Using legacy 'setup.py install' for idna-ssl, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for gpustat, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for nvidia-ml-py3, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for contextvars, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: pyasn1, setuptools, rsa, pyparsing, pyasn1-modules, protobuf, multidict, immutables, cachetools, yarl, packaging, idna-ssl, googleapis-common-protos, google-auth, contextvars, attrs, async-timeout, pyrsistent, psutil, opencensus-context, nvidia-ml-py3, hiredis, google-api-core, blessings, aiohttp, redis, pyyaml, pydantic, py-spy, prometheus-client, opencensus, numpy, msgpack, jsonschema, grpcio, gpustat, filelock, colorama, aioredis, aiohttp-cors, ray, colorful
  Attempting uninstall: setuptools
    Found existing installation: setuptools 39.2.0
    Uninstalling setuptools-39.2.0:
      Successfully uninstalled setuptools-39.2.0
    Running setup.py install for idna-ssl ... done
    Running setup.py install for contextvars ... done
    Running setup.py install for nvidia-ml-py3 ... done
    Running setup.py install for gpustat ... done
Successfully installed aiohttp-3.7.4.post0 aiohttp-cors-0.7.0 aioredis-1.3.1 async-timeout-3.0.1 attrs-21.2.0 blessings-1.7 cachetools-4.2.2 colorama-0.4.4 colorful-0.5.4 contextvars-2.4 filelock-3.0.12 google-api-core-1.31.0 google-auth-1.33.1 googleapis-common-protos-1.53.0 gpustat-0.6.0 grpcio-1.39.0 hiredis-2.0.0 idna-ssl-1.1.0 immutables-0.15 jsonschema-3.2.0 msgpack-1.0.2 multidict-5.1.0 numpy-1.19.5 nvidia-ml-py3-7.352.0 opencensus-0.7.13 opencensus-context-0.1.2 packaging-21.0 prometheus-client-0.11.0 protobuf-3.17.3 psutil-5.8.0 py-spy-0.3.7 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 pydantic-1.8.2 pyparsing-2.4.7 pyrsistent-0.18.0 pyyaml-5.4.1 ray-1.4.1 redis-3.5.3 rsa-4.7.2 setuptools-57.4.0 yarl-1.6.3

3、单机

下面是不使用分布式的代码示例：

# test_ray.py
import ray
import cv2
import numpy
 
import time
 
#@ray.remote
def test(img):
    orb = cv2.AKAZE_create()
    kb = orb.detect(img, None)
    kp, des = orb.compute(img, kp)
    return des
 
# 不使用注解的方式
test_remote = ray.remote(test)
 
# 函数test 加注解时使用方式
# test_remote = test.remote(test)
 
img = cv2.imread("/tmp/test.jpg")
 
start_time = time.time()
 
for i in range(10):
    test(img)
 
print(time.time() - start_time)

运行：python test_ray.py

4、集群

如果需要启动集群模式，则需要先启动服务，选择一台机器作为主服务器，然后按虾米那命令启动：

[root@node1 ~]# ray start --head --port=8888      
Local node IP: 192.168.0.81
2021-07-28 09:58:44,051 INFO services.py:1274 -- View the Ray dashboard at http://127.0.0.1:8265
 
--------------------
Ray runtime started.
--------------------
 
Next steps
  To connect to this Ray runtime from another node, run
    ray start --address='192.168.0.81:8888' --redis-password='5241590000000000'
  
  Alternatively, use the following Python code:
    import ray
    ray.init(address='auto', _redis_password='5241590000000000')
  
  If connection fails, check your firewall settings and network configuration.
  
  To terminate the Ray runtime, run
    ray stop

可以看到里面提示具体的用法。此时通过ray的web界面，端口8265访问，看到已有一台机器。

然后在另外两台机启动客户端节点，保证各个节点的ray版本一致,查看版本：

# pip freeze |grep ray

版本不一致的话，要升级为一致：pip install -U ray，此处选择的版本为1.4.1

从节点启动方式(密码可以在主节点启动时显示)：

ray start --address='192.168.0.81:8888' --redis-password='5241590000000000'

改写程序，用于分布式：

# test_ray.py
import ray
import cv2
import numpy
 
import time
 
@ray.remote
def test(img):
    orb = cv2.AKAZE_create()
    kb = orb.detect(img, None)
    kp, des = orb.compute(img, kp)
    return des
 
# 不使用注解的方式
#test_remote = ray.remote(test)
 
# 函数test 加注解时使用方式
test_remote = test.remote(test)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    ray.init(address='auto', _redis_password='5241590000000000')
    start_time = time.time()
    img = cv2.imread("/tmp/test.jpg")
    futures = [test_remote.remote(img) for i in range(100)]
    ray.get(futures)
    start_time = time.time()
    print(time.time() - start_time)

在主节点运行程序，程序会在3台机器上启动。停止ray服务的方式：ray stop.

到此这篇关于支持python的分布式计算框架Ray的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python的分布式计算框架Ray内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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