Update是T-sql中再简单不过的语句了,update table set column=expression [where condition],我们都会用到。但update的用法不仅于此,真正在开发的时候,灵活恰当地使用update可以达到事半功倍的效果。
假定有表Table1(a,b,c)和Table2(a,c),现在Table1中有些记录字段c为null,要根据字段a在Table2中查找,取出字段a相等的字段c的值来更新Table1。一种常规的思路,通过游标遍历Table1中字段c为null的所有记录,在循环体内查找Table2并进行更新,即用游标Cursor的形式。测试sql语句如下:
--1.创建测试表
create TABLE Table1
(
a varchar(10),
b varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table1] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
create TABLE Table2
(
a varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table2] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
--2.创建测试数据
Insert into Table1 values('赵','asds',null)
Insert into Table1 values('钱','asds','100')
Insert into Table1 values('孙','asds','80')
Insert into Table1 values('李','asds',null)
Insert into Table2 values('赵','90')
Insert into Table2 values('钱','100')
Insert into Table2 values('孙','80')
Insert into Table2 values('李','95')
GO
select * from Table1
--3.通过游标方式更新
declare @name varchar(10)
declare @score varchar(10)
declare mycursor cursor for select a from Table1 where c is null
open mycursor
fetch next from mycursor into @name
while(@@fetch_status = 0)
BEGIN
select @score=c from Table2 where a=@name
update Table1 set c = @score where a = @name
fetch next from mycursor into @name
END
close mycursor
deallocate mycursor
GO
--4.显示更新后的结果
select * from Table1
GO
--5.删除测试表
drop TABLE Table1
drop TABLE Table2
虽然用游标可以实现,但代码看起来很复杂,其实用Update根据子关联来更新只要一条语句就可以搞定了,测试代码如下:
--1.创建测试表
create TABLE Table1
(
a varchar(10),
b varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table1] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
create TABLE Table2
(
a varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table2] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
--2.创建测试数据
Insert into Table1 values('赵','asds',null)
Insert into Table1 values('钱','asds','100')
Insert into Table1 values('孙','asds','80')
Insert into Table1 values('李','asds',null)
Insert into Table2 values('赵','90')
Insert into Table2 values('钱','100')
Insert into Table2 values('孙','80')
Insert into Table2 values('李','95')
GO
select * from Table1
--3.通过Update方式更新
Update Table1 set c = (select c from Table2 where a = Table1.a) where c is null
GO
--4.显示更新后的结果
select * from Table1
GO
--5.删除测试表
drop TABLE Table1
drop TABLE Table2
参考资料:也许是被忽略的update语句,update 子查询