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    如何查看数据库alert日志文件
    1、查看操作系统版本
    SQL> select * from v$version;
    BANNER
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
    Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
    PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
    TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    SQL>

    2、查看预警日志文件(alert_sid.log)的位置
    SQL> show parameter dump
    NAME TYPE VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    background_core_dump string partial
    background_dump_dest string /u01/oracle/admin/bdump
    core_dump_dest string /u01/oracle/admin/cdump
    max_dump_file_size string 10240
    shadow_core_dump string partial
    user_dump_dest string /u01/oracle/admin/udump

    3、创建目录alert
    注意:directory不是实体,只是一个指向,指向os中一个路径
    SQL> create or replace directory alert as '/u01/oracle/admin/bdump';
    Directory created.
    SQL>

    4、创建外部表alert
    SQL> create table alert
    1 (log varchar2(1000))
    2 organization external
    3 (type oracle_loader
    4 default directory alert
    5 access parameters
    6 (records delimited by newline)
    7 location ('alert_PROD.log'))
    8 reject limit unlimited;
    Table created.

    5、查看alert中的内容
    SQL> select * from alert where rownum20;
    LOG
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Wed Feb 27 11:05:11 2013
    Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
    Cannot determine all dependent dynamic libraries for /proc/self/exe
    Unable to find dynamic library libocr10.so in search paths
    RPATH = /ade/aime1_build2101/oracle/has/lib/:/ade/aime1_build2101/oracle/lib/:/ade/aime1_build2101/oracle/has/lib/:
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not set!
    The default library directories are /lib and /usr/lib
    Unable to find dynamic library libocrb10.so in search paths
    Unable to find dynamic library libocrutl10.so in search paths
    Unable to find dynamic library libocrutl10.so in search paths
    LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
    LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
    Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
    Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
    Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
    IMODE=BR
    ILAT =10
    LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
    SYS auditing is disabled
    19 rows selected.
    SQL>

    6、看看数据库有哪些 可爱的ORA- 错误吧
    SQL> select * from alert where log like '%ORA-%';
    LOG
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ORA-959 signalled during: alter database default tablespace users...
    ORA-959 signalled during: drop tablespace uses...
    ORA-12919 signalled during: drop tablespace users...
    ORA-1549 signalled during: drop tablespace users...
    ORA-1505 signalled during: alter database add logfile group 1
    ORA-1184 signalled during: alter database add logfile group 1
    ORA-1013 signalled during: alter tablespace tts read only...
    ORA-1013 signalled during: alter tablespace tts read only...
    ORA-1013 signalled during: alter tablespace users read only...
    ORA-1539 signalled during: alter tablespace users read only...
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