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    mariadb的主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制配置详解

    主从服务器的时间要同步,数据库版本最好是一致的,以免造成函数处理、日志读取、日志解析等发生异常。

    以下三个主从复制的设置是独立的。

    注意防火墙和selinux的影响。

    1、简单主从复制的实现

    (1)主服务器的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

        在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同)
        log-bin = master-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)

    3)授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (启动mariadb server)
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
     MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
     MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到)
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
       File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二进制日志文件)
      Position: 497 (所处的位置)
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:
    
    

    (2)从服务器的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

        在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 2 (id号不能跟主服务器相同)
        relay-log = slave-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)

    3)设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
     MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497;
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (启动复制功能)
    MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看从服务器的状态,下面显示的是部分内容)
     Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
     Master_User: repluser
     Master_Port: 3306
     Connect_Retry: 60
     Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
     Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497
     Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
     Relay_Log_Pos: 530
     Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
     Slave_IO_Running: Yes 
     Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
     Master_Server_Id: 1
    
    

    (3)测试

    1)在主服务器导入事先准备好的数据库

    [root@localhost ~]# mysql hellodb.sql

    2)在从服务器查看是否同步

    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database   |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | hellodb   |(数据库已经同步)
    | mysql    |
    | performance_schema |
    | test    |
    +--------------------+
    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
    MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb数据库的表也是同步的)
    +-------------------+
    | Tables_in_hellodb |
    +-------------------+
    | classes   |
    | coc    |
    | courses   |
    | scores   |
    | students   |
    | teachers   |
    | toc    |
    +-------------------+
    

    2、双主复制的实现

    (1)服务器1的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

        在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同)
        log-bin = master-log (自定义主服务器的二进制日志文件名)
        relay-log = slave-log (自定义从服务器的二进制日志文件名)
        auto_increment_offset = 1
        auto_increment_increment = 2

    3)在服务器2上查看的master状态

    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
       File: master-log.000003
      Position: 422
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:
    

    4)启动mariadb server并进行如下配置

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422;
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (仅是部分内容)
      Master_Host: 10.1.51.50
      Master_User: repluser
      Master_Port: 3306
      Connect_Retry: 60
      Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
      Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
      Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
      Relay_Log_Pos: 530
      Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
      Slave_IO_Running: Yes
      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
      Master_Server_Id: 2
    
    

    (2)服务器2的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 2
        relay-log = slave-log
        lob-bin = master-log
        auto_increment_offset = 2
        auto_increment_increment = 2

    3)在服务器1查看master状态

    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                File: master-log.000003
            Position: 245
        Binlog_Do_DB:
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:

    4)启动mariadb server并配置

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (仅是部分内容) 
      Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
      Master_User: repluser
      Master_Port: 3306
      Connect_Retry: 60
      Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
      Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
      Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003
      Relay_Log_Pos: 530
      Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
      Slave_IO_Running: Yes
      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
      Master_Server_Id: 1
    
    

    (3)测试

    1)在任意一台服务器上创建mydb数据库

    MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;

    2)在另一台服务器上查看

    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database   |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mydb    |
    | mysql    |
    | performance_schema |
    | test    |
    +--------------------+
    

    3、半同步复制的实现

    (1)在主服务器上的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 1
        log-bin = master-log

    3)授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (启动mariadb server)
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
     MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
     MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到)
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
       File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二进制日志文件)
      Position: 245 (所处的位置)
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:
    
    

    4)安装rpl semi sync_master插件,并启用

    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
    MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;
    
    

    补充:

    MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;(可查看插件是否激活)
    MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';(可查看安装的插件是否启用)
    MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';(可查看从服务器的个数,此时是0个)

    (2)从服务器的配置

    1)安装mariadb-server

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

        在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

        skip_name_resolve = ON
        innodb_file_per_table = ON
        server-id = 2 (id号不能跟主服务器相同)
        relay-log = slave-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)

    3)设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
    
    

    4)安装rpl semi sync_slave插件并启用

    [root@localhost ~]# mysql 
    
     MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
     MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
     MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    
    

    完成上面配置后,可以在主服务器上查看半同步复制的相关信息,命令如下:

    MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';
     Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 (从服务器有一台)
    

    (3)测试

    测试以个人实际情况而定
    1)在主服务器上导入事先准备好的数据库hellodb.sql

    MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;

    2)在主服务器上查看半同步复制的状态

    MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
    +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    | File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
    +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    | master-log.000003 |  8102 |    |     |
    +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
    MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like '%semi%';
    +--------------------------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name        | Value |
    +--------------------------------------------+-------+
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients    | 1  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time  | 1684 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time   | 60630 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits    | 36 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times    | 1  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx     | 1  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status    | ON |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures  | 0  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time  | 1884 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time   | 65965 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits    | 35 |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions   | 0  |
    | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx    | 35 |
    +--------------------------------------------+-------+
    
    

    3)在从服务器上查看是否同步

    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
    MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;
    

    补充:基于上面的半同步复制配置复制的过滤器,复制过滤最好在从服务器上设置,步骤如下

    (1)从服务器的配置

    1)关闭mariadb server

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service

    2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
     skip_name_resolve = ON
     innodb_file_per_table = ON
     server-id = 2
     relay-log = slave-log
     replicate-do-db = mydb (只复制mydb数据库的内容)
    
    

    补充:常用的过滤选项如下

        Replicate_Do_DB=
        Replicate_Ignore_DB=
        Replicate_Do_Table=
        Replicate_Ignore_Table=
        Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
        Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=

    3)重启mariadb server

    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

    4)重启mariadb server后,半同步复制功能将被关闭,因此要重新启动

    MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%';
    +---------------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name     | Value |
    +---------------------------------+-------+
    | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled  | OFF |
    | rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
    +---------------------------------+-------+
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
    MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;(需先关闭从服务器复制功能再重启)
    MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    
    

    (2)测试

    1)主服务器上的hellodb数据库创建一个新表semitable

    MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);

    2)在从服务器上查看hellodb数据库是否有semitable

    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb
    MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(并没有)
    +-------------------+
    | Tables_in_hellodb |
    +-------------------+
    | classes   |
    | coc    |
    | courses   |
    | scores   |
    | students   |
    | teachers   |
    | toc    |
    +-------------------+
    

    3)在主服务器上创建mydb数据库,并为其创建一个tbl1表

    MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;

    4)在从服务器上查看mydb数据库的是否有tbl1表

    MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb;
    MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (可以查看到)
    +----------------+
    | Tables_in_mydb |
    +----------------+
    | tbl1   |
    +----------------+
    

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