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    mysql学习笔记之表的基本操作

    创建表

    create table 表名

    create table if not exists 表名

    mysql> create database company;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use company;
Database changed
mysql> create table if not exists t_dept(
  -> deptno int,
  -> dname varchar(20),
  -> loc varchar(40));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| t_dept      |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

    显示当前库下的所有表

    show tables;

    mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| t_dept      |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    查看表的结构

    describe 表名

    简写

    desc 表名

    mysql> describe t_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    查看表的详细

    show create table 表名

    mysql> show create table t_dept;
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                            |
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t_dept | CREATE TABLE `t_dept` (
 `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `dname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
 `loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
show create table t_dept \G

mysql> show create table t_dept \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    Table: t_dept
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_dept` (
 `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `dname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
 `loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    删除表

    drop table 表名
    drop table if exists 表名

    mysql> drop table if exists t_dept;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

    修改表名

    ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME [TO] new_table_name
    old_table_name 原表名
    new_table_name 新表名
    将t_dept修改为tab_dept

    mysql> alter table t_dept rename tab_dept;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| tab_dept     |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    为表增加一个字段默认在最后
    ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型

    为tab_dept增加一个字段descri varchar(20)

    mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table tab_dept add descri varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    在表的第一个位置增加一个字段

    ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 first

    mysql> alter table tab_dept add id int first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    在表的指定字段之后增加字段

    ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 AFTER 属性名

    mysql> alter table tab_dept add comm varchar(20) after dname;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| comm  | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    删除字段

    ALTER TABLE table_name DROP 属性名

    mysql> alter table tab_dept drop comm;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    字段修改-修改字段数据类型
    ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名 数据类型

    mysql> alter table tab_dept modify descri int;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    字段修改-修改字段名称

    ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 旧数据类型

    mysql> alter table tab_dept change id deptid int;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptid | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    字段修改-同时修改字段名称与数据类型

    ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 新数据类型

    mysql> alter table tab_dept change deptid id varchar(32);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    修改顺序

    ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名1 数据类型 FIRST|AFTER 属性名2

    2个属性必须存在
    将deptno调到第一个位置

    mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    将ID放在最后

    mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int after descri;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.29 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify id int after descri;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.47 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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