分类 | 文本重叠 | 自由定位 | 样式名称 |
---|---|---|---|
嵌入型 | 否 | 否 | In line with text |
环绕型 | 否 | 是 | Square, Tight, Through, Top and bottom |
完全浮动 | 是 | 是 | behind text, In front of text |
例如最常见的嵌入型图片,它占据了整行区域,我们既不能将其与文字重叠,也不能自由放置它的位置,而是由页面排版自动确定。对于环绕型图片,文本可以进入图片所在行,但是无法与之重叠;并且,我们可以用鼠标自由拖动其位置。完全浮动型图片则可以浮于文本上方或者衬于文本下方,同时支持随意放置其位置。
如果需要精确定位,则可在图片版式的位置(Position)选项卡进行设置。它提供了多种定位方式,例如绝对定位——根据图片左上角点距离水平和竖直参考的坐标值来定位。至于参考对象,可以是页面(Page)本身,这样(0, 0)
就是页面左上角;也可以是边距(Margin),此时(0, 0)
即为正文区域的左上角。
综上,我们需要实现精确定位的衬于文本下方的图片版式。
我们还知道,docx文档的背后是xml格式的数据,python-docx
正是通过处理xml的方式来读写word文档。所以,接下来先手工创建word文档,然后查看图片部分的xml内容。
作为对比,首先分别创建一个普通嵌入型图片文件和一个衬于文本下方的浮动型图片文件。然后执行查看步骤:右键docx文件 | 7-zip打开压缩包 | word | document.xml,复制文件内容并格式化xml,得到如下的关于图片部分的片段。为了便于对比分析,删除了一些节点属性。
内联图片片段:
w:drawing> wp:inline> wp:extent cx="3297600" cy="2782800"/> wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="0" b="0"/> wp:docPr id="1" name="Picture 1"/> wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphicFrameLocks/> /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphic> a:graphicData> pic:pic> !-- more pic content --> /pic:pic> /a:graphicData> /a:graphic> /wp:inline> /w:drawing>
浮动图片片段:
w:drawing> wp:anchor behindDoc="1" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1"> wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/> wp:positionH relativeFrom="page"> wp:posOffset>285750/wp:posOffset> /wp:positionH> wp:positionV relativeFrom="page"> wp:posOffset>457200/wp:posOffset> /wp:positionV> wp:extent cx="3297600" cy="2782800"/> wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="0" b="0"/> wp:wrapNone/> wp:docPr id="1" name="Picture 1"/> wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphicFrameLocks/> /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphic> a:graphicData> pic:pic> !-- more pic content --> /pic:pic> /a:graphicData> /a:graphic> /wp:anchor> /w:drawing>
对比发现以下相同/相似点:
w:drawing>
节点下:内联图片wp:inline>
,浮动图片wp:anchor>
wp:extent>
、wp:docPr>
、a:graphic>
等除此之外,浮动图片还有一些独有特征,并且我们可以从命名上猜测和解读:
wp:anchor>
节点的behindDoc
属性表明图片版式为衬于文本下方
wp:positionH>
和wp:positionV>
节点表明水平和竖直绝对定位方式,其中:
relativeFrom
属性指定用于定位的参考对象wp:posOffset>
指定具体坐标值从xml的结构对比来看,我们完全可以根据python-docx
对内联图片的实现来插入浮动图片。于是,从插入内联图片的代码入手:
from docx import Document from docx.shared import Pt document = Document() document.add_picture('image.jpg', width=Pt(200)) document.save('output.docx')
从python-docx
安装文件夹site-packages/docx
进行内容搜索add_picture
,得到docx.text.run.add_picture
原始定义处:
def add_picture(self, image_path_or_stream, width=None, height=None): inline = self.part.new_pic_inline(image_path_or_stream, width, height) self._r.add_drawing(inline) return InlineShape(inline)
继续搜索new_pic_inline
得到docx.parts.story.BaseStoryPart.new_pic_inline
。从注释可知这是利用CT_Inline
类创建wp:inline>
元素,因此后续创建浮动图片的wp:anchor>
可以在此基础上修改。
def new_pic_inline(self, image_descriptor, width, height): """Return a newly-created `w:inline` element. The element contains the image specified by *image_descriptor* and is scaled based on the values of *width* and *height*. """ rId, image = self.get_or_add_image(image_descriptor) cx, cy = image.scaled_dimensions(width, height) shape_id, filename = self.next_id, image.filename return CT_Inline.new_pic_inline(shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy)
于是进入CT_Inline
类(限于篇幅,删除了前两个类方法new
和new_pic_inline
的具体代码)——终于见到了一开始探索的xml代码:
class CT_Inline(BaseOxmlElement): """ ``w:inline>`` element, container for an inline shape. """ @classmethod def new(cls, cx, cy, shape_id, pic): pass @classmethod def new_pic_inline(cls, shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy): pass @classmethod def _inline_xml(cls): return ( 'wp:inline %s>\n' ' wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>\n' ' wp:docPr id="666" name="unnamed"/>\n' ' wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphicFrameLocks noChangeAspect="1"/>\n' ' /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphic>\n' ' a:graphicData uri="URI not set"/>\n' ' /a:graphic>\n' '/wp:inline>' % nsdecls('wp', 'a', 'pic', 'r') )
简单扫一下CT_Inline
类的三个方法,即可将它们联系上:
_inline_xml()
方法给出内联图片wp:inline>
的xml结构。new()
方法调用_inline_xml()
,并为其中的子节点例如wp:extent>
和wp:docPr>
赋值。new_pic_inline()
调用new()
,同时拼接CT_Picture
类的结果(节点pic:pic>
,即图片的具体内容)到a:graphicData>
节点中去。综上,实现了内联图片的完整xml结构。
从xml结构的对比及上述python-docx
对内联图片的实现,得到创建浮动图片的思路:
wp:anchor>
结构,例如behindDoc="1"
指定图片版式为衬于文本下方wp:anchor>
元素,尤其是wp:extent>
、wp:docPr>
和pic:pic>
wp:positionH>
和wp:positionV>
精确定位图片具体实践中发现还有关键的一步——注册xml标签名称到对应的类,例如wp:inline>
和CT_Inline
:
# docx.oxml.__init__.py register_element_cls('wp:inline', CT_Inline)
综上,利用python-docx
插入浮动图片(衬于文本下方、页面定位)的完整代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # filename: add_float_picture.py ''' Implement floating image based on python-docx. - Text wrapping style: BEHIND TEXT wp:anchor behindDoc="1"> - Picture position: top-left corner of PAGE `wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">`. Create a docx sample (Layout | Positions | More Layout Options) and explore the source xml (Open as a zip | word | document.xml) to implement other text wrapping styles and position modes per `CT_Anchor._anchor_xml()`. ''' from docx.oxml import parse_xml, register_element_cls from docx.oxml.ns import nsdecls from docx.oxml.shape import CT_Picture from docx.oxml.xmlchemy import BaseOxmlElement, OneAndOnlyOne # refer to docx.oxml.shape.CT_Inline class CT_Anchor(BaseOxmlElement): """ ``w:anchor>`` element, container for a floating image. """ extent = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:extent') docPr = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:docPr') graphic = OneAndOnlyOne('a:graphic') @classmethod def new(cls, cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y): """ Return a new ``wp:anchor>`` element populated with the values passed as parameters. """ anchor = parse_xml(cls._anchor_xml(pos_x, pos_y)) anchor.extent.cx = cx anchor.extent.cy = cy anchor.docPr.id = shape_id anchor.docPr.name = 'Picture %d' % shape_id anchor.graphic.graphicData.uri = ( 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture' ) anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic) return anchor @classmethod def new_pic_anchor(cls, shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y): """ Return a new `wp:anchor` element containing the `pic:pic` element specified by the argument values. """ pic_id = 0 # Word doesn't seem to use this, but does not omit it pic = CT_Picture.new(pic_id, filename, rId, cx, cy) anchor = cls.new(cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y) anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic) return anchor @classmethod def _anchor_xml(cls, pos_x, pos_y): return ( 'wp:anchor distT="0" distB="0" distL="0" distR="0" simplePos="0" relativeHeight="0" \n' ' behindDoc="1" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1" \n' ' %s>\n' ' wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/>\n' ' wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">\n' ' wp:posOffset>%d/wp:posOffset>\n' ' /wp:positionH>\n' ' wp:positionV relativeFrom="page">\n' ' wp:posOffset>%d/wp:posOffset>\n' ' /wp:positionV>\n' ' wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>\n' ' wp:wrapNone/>\n' ' wp:docPr id="666" name="unnamed"/>\n' ' wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphicFrameLocks noChangeAspect="1"/>\n' ' /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphic>\n' ' a:graphicData uri="URI not set"/>\n' ' /a:graphic>\n' '/wp:anchor>' % ( nsdecls('wp', 'a', 'pic', 'r'), int(pos_x), int(pos_y) ) ) # refer to docx.parts.story.BaseStoryPart.new_pic_inline def new_pic_anchor(part, image_descriptor, width, height, pos_x, pos_y): """Return a newly-created `w:anchor` element. The element contains the image specified by *image_descriptor* and is scaled based on the values of *width* and *height*. """ rId, image = part.get_or_add_image(image_descriptor) cx, cy = image.scaled_dimensions(width, height) shape_id, filename = part.next_id, image.filename return CT_Anchor.new_pic_anchor(shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y) # refer to docx.text.run.add_picture def add_float_picture(p, image_path_or_stream, width=None, height=None, pos_x=0, pos_y=0): """Add float picture at fixed position `pos_x` and `pos_y` to the top-left point of page. """ run = p.add_run() anchor = new_pic_anchor(run.part, image_path_or_stream, width, height, pos_x, pos_y) run._r.add_drawing(anchor) # refer to docx.oxml.__init__.py register_element_cls('wp:anchor', CT_Anchor)
最后,来一个例子看看结果吧:
from docx import Document from docx.shared import Inches, Pt from add_float_picture import add_float_picture if __name__ == '__main__': document = Document() # add a floating picture p = document.add_paragraph() add_float_picture(p, 'test.png', width=Inches(5.0), pos_x=Pt(20), pos_y=Pt(30)) # add text p.add_run('Hello World '*50) document.save('output.docx')
作者:crazyhat,Python及科学计算爱好者
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