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    解决virtualenv -p python3 venv报错的问题

    在阿里云服务器上,用virtualenv创建虚拟环境时,报了个错误

    root@iZwz982qla1uxm1s5dnyo7Z:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info# virtualenv -p python3 venv
    Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
    New python executable in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2
    Not overwriting existing python script /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python (you must use /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2)
    Please make sure you remove any previous custom paths from your /root/.pydistutils.cfg file.
     1 [global]
    Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...
     Complete output from command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel:
     Collecting setuptools
     Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ff/f4/385715ccc461885f3cedf57a41ae3c12b5fec3f35cce4c8706b1a112a133/setuptools-40.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (567kB)
    Collecting pkg_resources
    Exception:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
     status = self.run(options, args)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run
     wb.build(autobuilding=True)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build
     self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_files
     ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 512, in _prepare_file
     finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_install.py", line 273, in populate_link
     self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 442, in find_requirement
     all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 400, in find_all_candidates
     for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 545, in _get_pages
     page = self._get_page(location)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 648, in _get_page
     return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
     File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 760, in get_page
     resp.raise_for_status()
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/models.py", line 840, in raise_for_status
     raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
    HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/
    ----------------------------------------
    ...Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in module>
     main()
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main
     symlink=options.symlink)
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create_environment
     download=download,
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel
     call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
     File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call_subprocess
     % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
    OSError: Command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2

    看到HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/以为是阿里云的安全组配置没配好,折腾了半天,原来是访问PyPI镜像源出了问题,将pip的默认的源地址改为国内源即可。

    具体操作如下:

    vim ~/.pip/pip.conf打开pip配置文件:

    写入

    [global]
    index-url = http://e.pypi.python.org/simple

    以下这几个国内源都可以

    e.pypi.python.org

    pypi.douban.com

    pypi.hustunique.com

    补充:使用virtualenv创建Python3.7虚拟环境时报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'的解决方法

    使用virtualenv创建Python3.7.6版本虚拟环境时,遇到了标题中的报错,记录一下解决过程。

    出现这种情况一般是因为缺少依赖包libffi-devel

    在安装3.7以上版本时,需要一个新的libffi-devel包做依赖

    使用yum安装依赖

    yum install libffi-devel -y

    删除之前安装的报错的虚拟环境目录

    rm -f venv

    重新编译安装系统Python3.7.6(需要先找到安装时的Python源码包,cd到目录中)

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
    make  make install

    删除之前建立的软连接

    rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
    rm -rf /usr/bin/pip3

    重新建立软连接

    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

    到此Python3重新安装完成,可以用python3、pip3命令测试一下是否安装成功。

    进入虚拟目录将要存放的目录,使用新安装的Python3创建虚拟环境。此处需要使用-p参数指定Python版本路径,否则默认创建Python2的环境。

    virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv

    测试进入创建好的虚拟环境中

    source venv/bin/activate

    退出环境

    deactivate
    

    以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。

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