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    DataGridView多维表头的实现方法

    背景

    对于.NET 原本提供的DataGridView控件,制作成如下形式的表格是毫无压力的。

    但是如果把表格改了一下,变成如下形式

    传统的DataGridView就做不到了,如果扩展一下还是行的,有不少网友也扩展了DataGridView控件,不过有些也只能制作出二维的表头。或者使用第三方的控件,之前也用过DevExpress的BoundGridView。不过在没有可使用的第三方控件的情况下,做到下面的效果,就有点麻烦了。

    那得自己扩展了,不过最后还是用了一个控件库的报表控件,Telerik的Reporting。不过我自己还是扩展了DataGridView,使之能制作出上面的报表。

    准备

    学习了一些网友的代码,原来制作这个多维表头都是利用GDI+对DataGirdView的表头进行重绘。

    用到的方法包括

    Graphics.FillRectangle //填充一个矩形

    Graphics.DrawLine //画一条线

    Graphics.DrawString  //写字符串

    此外为了方便组织表头,本人还定义了一个表头的数据结构 HeaderItem 和 HeaderCollection 分别作为每个表头单元格的数据实体和整个表头的集合。

    HeaderItem的定义如下

    复制代码 代码如下:

    public class HeaderItem
         {
             private int _startX;//起始横坐标
             private int _startY;//起始纵坐标
             private int _endX; //终止横坐标
             private int _endY; //终止纵坐标
             private bool _baseHeader; //是否基础表头

             public HeaderItem(int startX, int endX, int startY, int endY, string content)
             {
                 this._endX = endX;
                 this._endY = endY;
                 this._startX = startX;
                 this._startY = startY;
                 this.Content = content;
             }

             public HeaderItem(int x, int y, string content):this(x,x,y,y,content)
             {

             }

             public HeaderItem()
             {

             }

             public static HeaderItem CreateBaseHeader(int x,int y,string content)
             {
                 HeaderItem header = new HeaderItem();
                 header._endX= header._startX = x;
                 header._endY= header._startY = y;
                 header._baseHeader = true;
                 header.Content = content;
                 return header;
             }

             public int StartX
             {
                 get { return _startX; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (value > _endX)
                     {
                         _startX = _endX;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value 0) _startX = 0;
                     else _startX = value;
                 }
             }

             public int StartY
             {
                 get { return _startY; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (_baseHeader)
                     {
                         _startY = 0;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value > _endY)
                     {
                         _startY = _endY;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value 0) _startY = 0;
                     else _startY = value;
                 }
             }

             public int EndX
             {
                 get { return _endX; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (_baseHeader)
                     {
                         _endX = _startX;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value _startX)
                     {
                         _endX = _startX;
                         return;
                     }
                     _endX = value;
                 }
             }

             public int EndY
             {
                 get { return _endY; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (value _startY)
                     {
                         _endY = _startY;
                         return;
                     }
                     _endY = value;
                 }
             }

             public bool IsBaseHeader
             {get{ return _baseHeader;} }

             public string Content { get; set; }
         }

    设计思想是利用数学的直角坐标系,给每个表头单元格定位并划定其大小。与计算机显示的坐标定位不同,这里的原点是跟数学的一样放在左下角,X轴正方向是水平向右,Y轴正方向是垂直向上。如下图所示

    之所以要对GridView中原始的列头进行特别处理,是因为这里的起止坐标和终止坐标都可以设置,而原始列头的起始纵坐标(StartY)只能是0,终止横坐标(EndX)必须与起始横坐标(StartY)相等。

    另外所有列头单元格的集合HeaderCollection的定义如下

    复制代码 代码如下:

    public class HeaderCollection
         {
             private ListHeaderItem> _headerList;
             private bool _iniLock;

             public DataGridViewColumnCollection BindCollection{get;set;}

             public HeaderCollection(DataGridViewColumnCollection cols)
             {
                 _headerList = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 BindCollection=cols;
                 _iniLock = false;
             }

             public int GetHeaderLevels()
             {
                 int max = 0;
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.EndY > max)
                         max = item.EndY;

                 return max;
             }

             public ListHeaderItem> GetBaseHeaders()
             {
                 ListHeaderItem> list = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.IsBaseHeader) list.Add(item);
                 return list;
             }

             public HeaderItem GetHeaderByLocation(int x, int y)
             {
                 if (!_iniLock) InitHeader();
                 HeaderItem result=null;
                 ListHeaderItem> temp = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.StartX = x item.EndX >= x)
                         temp.Add(item);
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in temp)
                     if (item.StartY = y item.EndY >= y)
                         result = item;

                 return result;
             }

             public IEnumerator GetHeaderEnumer()
             {
                 return _headerList.GetEnumerator();
             }

             public void AddHeader(HeaderItem header)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(header);
             }

             public void AddHeader(int startX, int endX, int startY, int endY, string content)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(new HeaderItem(startX,endX,startY,endY,content));
             }

             public void AddHeader(int x, int y, string content)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(new HeaderItem(x, y, content));
             }

             public void RemoveHeader(HeaderItem header)
             {
                 this._headerList.Remove(header);
             }

             public void RemoveHeader(int x, int y)
             {
                HeaderItem header= GetHeaderByLocation(x, y);
                if (header != null) RemoveHeader(header);
             }

             private void InitHeader()
             {
                 _iniLock = true;
                 for (int i = 0; i this.BindCollection.Count; i++)
                     if(this.GetHeaderByLocation(i,0)==null)
                     this._headerList.Add(HeaderItem.CreateBaseHeader(i,0 , this.BindCollection[i].HeaderText));
                 _iniLock = false;
             }
         }

    这里仿照了.NET Frameword的Collection那样定义了Add方法和Remove方法,此外说明一下那个 GetHeaderByLocation 方法,这个方法可以通过给定的坐标获取那个坐标的HeaderItem。这个坐标是忽略了整个表头合并单元格的情况,例如

    上面这幅图,如果输入0,0 返回的是灰色区域,输入2,1 或3,2 或 5,1返回的都是橙色的区域。

    扩展控件

    到真正扩展控件了,最核心的是重写 OnCellPainting 方法,这个其实是与表格单元格重绘时触发事件绑定的方法,通过参数 DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs 的 ColumnIndex 和 RowIndex 属性可以知道当前重绘的是哪个单元格,于是就通过HeaderCollection获取要绘制的表头单元格的信息进行重绘,对已经重绘的单元格会进行标记,以防重复绘制。

    复制代码 代码如下:

    protected override void OnCellPainting(DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
             {
                 if (e.ColumnIndex == -1 || e.RowIndex != -1)
                 {
                     base.OnCellPainting(e);
                     return;
                 }
                 int lev=this.Headers.GetHeaderLevels();
                 this.ColumnHeadersHeight = (lev + 1) * _baseColumnHeadHeight;
                 for (int i = 0; i = lev; i++)
                 {
                     HeaderItem tempHeader= this.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(e.ColumnIndex, i);
                     if (tempHeader==null|| i != tempHeader.EndY || e.ColumnIndex != tempHeader.StartX) continue;
                     DrawHeader(tempHeader, e);
                 }
                 e.Handled = true;
             }

    上面的代码中,最初是先判断当前要重绘的单元格是不是表头部分,如果不是则调用原本的OnCellPainting方法。 e.Handled=true; 比较关键,有了这句代码,重绘才能生效。

    绘制单元格的过程封装在方法DrawHeader里面

    复制代码 代码如下:

    private void DrawHeader(HeaderItem item,DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
             {
                 if (this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode != DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing)
                     this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
                 int lev=this.Headers.GetHeaderLevels();
                 lev=(lev-item.EndY)*_baseColumnHeadHeight;

                 SolidBrush backgroundBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor);
                 SolidBrush lineBrush = new SolidBrush(this.GridColor);
                 Pen linePen = new Pen(lineBrush);
                 StringFormat foramt = new StringFormat();
                 foramt.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
                 foramt.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

                 Rectangle headRec = new Rectangle(e.CellBounds.Left, lev, ComputeWidth(item.StartX, item.EndX)-1, ComputeHeight(item.StartY, item.EndY)-1);
                 e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, headRec);
                 e.Graphics.DrawLine(linePen, headRec.Left, headRec.Bottom, headRec.Right, headRec.Bottom);
                 e.Graphics.DrawLine(linePen, headRec.Right, headRec.Top, headRec.Right, headRec.Bottom);
                 e.Graphics.DrawString(item.Content, this.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font, Brushes.Black,headRec, foramt);
             }

    填充矩形时,记得要给矩形的常和宽减去一个像素,这样才不会与相邻的矩形重叠区域导致矩形的边线显示不出来。还有这里的要设置 ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode 属性,如果不把它设成 DisableResizing ,那么表头的高度是改变不了的,这样即使设置了二维,三维,n维,最终只是一维。

    这里用到的一些辅助方法如下,分别是通过坐标计算出高度和宽度。

    复制代码 代码如下:

    private int ComputeWidth(int startX, int endX)
             {
                 int width = 0;
                 for (int i = startX; i = endX; i++)
                     width+= this.Columns[i].Width;
                 return width;
             }

             private int ComputeHeight(int startY, int endY)
             {
                 return _baseColumnHeadHeight * (endY - startY+1);
             }

    给一段使用的实例代码,这里要预先给DataGridView每一列设好绑定的字段,否则自动添加的列是做不出效果来的。

    复制代码 代码如下:

    HeaderItem item= this.boundGridView1.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(0, 0);
                 item.EndY = 2;
                 item = this.boundGridView1.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(9,0 );
                 item.EndY = 2;
                 item = this.boundGridView1.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(10, 0);
                 item.EndY = 2;
                 item = this.boundGridView1.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(11, 0);
                 item.EndY = 2;

                 this.boundGridView1.Headers.AddHeader(1, 2, 1, 1, "语文");
                 this.boundGridView1.Headers.AddHeader(3, 4, 1, 1, "数学");
                 this.boundGridView1.Headers.AddHeader(5, 6, 1, 1, "英语");
                 this.boundGridView1.Headers.AddHeader(7, 8, 1, 1, "X科");
                 this.boundGridView1.Headers.AddHeader(1, 8, 2, 2, "成绩");

    效果图如下所示

     

    总的来说自我感觉有点小题大做,但想不出有什么更好的办法,各位如果觉得以上说的有什么不好的,欢迎拍砖;如果发现以上有什么说错了,恳请批评指正;如果觉得好的,请支持一下。谢谢!最后附上整个控件的源码
    控件的完整代码

    复制代码 代码如下:


         public class BoundGridView : DataGridView
         {
             private int _baseColumnHeadHeight;

             public BoundGridView():base()
             {
                 this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
                 _baseColumnHeadHeight = this.ColumnHeadersHeight;
                 this.Headers = new HeaderCollection(this.Columns);
             }

             public HeaderCollection Headers{ get;private set; }

             protected override void OnCellPainting(DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
             {
                 if (e.ColumnIndex == -1 || e.RowIndex != -1)
                 {
                     base.OnCellPainting(e);
                     return;
                 }
                 int lev=this.Headers.GetHeaderLevels();
                 this.ColumnHeadersHeight = (lev + 1) * _baseColumnHeadHeight;
                 for (int i = 0; i = lev; i++)
                 {
                     HeaderItem tempHeader= this.Headers.GetHeaderByLocation(e.ColumnIndex, i);
                     if (tempHeader==null|| i != tempHeader.EndY || e.ColumnIndex != tempHeader.StartX) continue;
                     DrawHeader(tempHeader, e);
                 }
                 e.Handled = true;
             }

             private int ComputeWidth(int startX, int endX)
             {
                 int width = 0;
                 for (int i = startX; i = endX; i++)
                     width+= this.Columns[i].Width;
                 return width;
             }

             private int ComputeHeight(int startY, int endY)
             {
                 return _baseColumnHeadHeight * (endY - startY+1);
             }

             private void DrawHeader(HeaderItem item,DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
             {
                 if (this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode != DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing)
                     this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
                 int lev=this.Headers.GetHeaderLevels();
                 lev=(lev-item.EndY)*_baseColumnHeadHeight;

                 SolidBrush backgroundBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor);
                 SolidBrush lineBrush = new SolidBrush(this.GridColor);
                 Pen linePen = new Pen(lineBrush);
                 StringFormat foramt = new StringFormat();
                 foramt.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
                 foramt.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

                 Rectangle headRec = new Rectangle(e.CellBounds.Left, lev, ComputeWidth(item.StartX, item.EndX)-1, ComputeHeight(item.StartY, item.EndY)-1);
                 e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, headRec);
                 e.Graphics.DrawLine(linePen, headRec.Left, headRec.Bottom, headRec.Right, headRec.Bottom);
                 e.Graphics.DrawLine(linePen, headRec.Right, headRec.Top, headRec.Right, headRec.Bottom);
                 e.Graphics.DrawString(item.Content, this.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font, Brushes.Black,headRec, foramt);
             }
         }

         public class HeaderItem
         {
             private int _startX;
             private int _startY;
             private int _endX;
             private int _endY;
             private bool _baseHeader;

             public HeaderItem(int startX, int endX, int startY, int endY, string content)
             {
                 this._endX = endX;
                 this._endY = endY;
                 this._startX = startX;
                 this._startY = startY;
                 this.Content = content;
             }

             public HeaderItem(int x, int y, string content):this(x,x,y,y,content)
             {

             }

             public HeaderItem()
             {

             }

             public static HeaderItem CreateBaseHeader(int x,int y,string content)
             {
                 HeaderItem header = new HeaderItem();
                 header._endX= header._startX = x;
                 header._endY= header._startY = y;
                 header._baseHeader = true;
                 header.Content = content;
                 return header;
             }

             public int StartX
             {
                 get { return _startX; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (value > _endX)
                     {
                         _startX = _endX;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value 0) _startX = 0;
                     else _startX = value;
                 }
             }

             public int StartY
             {
                 get { return _startY; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (_baseHeader)
                     {
                         _startY = 0;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value > _endY)
                     {
                         _startY = _endY;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value 0) _startY = 0;
                     else _startY = value;
                 }
             }

             public int EndX
             {
                 get { return _endX; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (_baseHeader)
                     {
                         _endX = _startX;
                         return;
                     }
                     if (value _startX)
                     {
                         _endX = _startX;
                         return;
                     }
                     _endX = value;
                 }
             }

             public int EndY
             {
                 get { return _endY; }
                 set
                 {
                     if (value _startY)
                     {
                         _endY = _startY;
                         return;
                     }
                     _endY = value;
                 }
             }

             public bool IsBaseHeader
             {get{ return _baseHeader;} }

             public string Content { get; set; }
         }

         public class HeaderCollection
         {
             private ListHeaderItem> _headerList;
             private bool _iniLock;

             public DataGridViewColumnCollection BindCollection{get;set;}

             public HeaderCollection(DataGridViewColumnCollection cols)
             {
                 _headerList = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 BindCollection=cols;
                 _iniLock = false;
             }

             public int GetHeaderLevels()
             {
                 int max = 0;
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.EndY > max)
                         max = item.EndY;

                 return max;
             }

             public ListHeaderItem> GetBaseHeaders()
             {
                 ListHeaderItem> list = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.IsBaseHeader) list.Add(item);
                 return list;
             }

             public HeaderItem GetHeaderByLocation(int x, int y)
             {
                 if (!_iniLock) InitHeader();
                 HeaderItem result=null;
                 ListHeaderItem> temp = new ListHeaderItem>();
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in _headerList)
                     if (item.StartX = x item.EndX >= x)
                         temp.Add(item);
                 foreach (HeaderItem item in temp)
                     if (item.StartY = y item.EndY >= y)
                         result = item;

                 return result;
             }

             public IEnumerator GetHeaderEnumer()
             {
                 return _headerList.GetEnumerator();
             }

             public void AddHeader(HeaderItem header)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(header);
             }

             public void AddHeader(int startX, int endX, int startY, int endY, string content)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(new HeaderItem(startX,endX,startY,endY,content));
             }

             public void AddHeader(int x, int y, string content)
             {
                 this._headerList.Add(new HeaderItem(x, y, content));
             }

             public void RemoveHeader(HeaderItem header)
             {
                 this._headerList.Remove(header);
             }

             public void RemoveHeader(int x, int y)
             {
                HeaderItem header= GetHeaderByLocation(x, y);
                if (header != null) RemoveHeader(header);
             }

             private void InitHeader()
             {
                 _iniLock = true;
                 for (int i = 0; i this.BindCollection.Count; i++)
                     if(this.GetHeaderByLocation(i,0)==null)
                     this._headerList.Add(HeaderItem.CreateBaseHeader(i,0 , this.BindCollection[i].HeaderText));
                 _iniLock = false;
             }
         }

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    DataGridView多维表头的实现方法 DataGridView,多维,表头,的,