这篇文章根据实际碰到的一个问题来介绍一下git配置相关的内容。
命令： git config
使用git config进行相关的配置操作
配置文件
git在整体上，配置文件分为三级，结合优先级相关信息如下
简单来说，优先级别离仓库越近越高，所以 项目级别 > 用户级别 > 系统级别。相同的设定同时出现时，优先级别高的会覆盖上层的配置。
配置检查
使用git config 不同的参数可以对如上三个不同的级别进行相关设定的检查
因为相同的设定有可能会产生覆盖，使用git config -l会列出git认为的最终设定信息
问题现象
很多客户端在自动生成.gitignore时会碰到问题，比如在如下git和os的版本下碰到了ng new动作发生的错误提示
环境信息
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ git --version
git version 2.15.0
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ uname -a
Darwin liumiaocn 17.3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Thu Nov 9 18:09:22 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.31.3~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ ng --version
_ _ ____ _ ___
/ \ _ __ __ _ _ _| | __ _ _ __ / ___| | |_ _|
/ △ \ | '_ \ / _` | | | | |/ _` | '__| | | | | | |
/ ___ \| | | | (_| | |_| | | (_| | | | |___| |___ | |
/_/ \_\_| |_|\__, |\__,_|_|\__,_|_| \____|_____|___|
|___/
Angular CLI: 1.7.3
Node: 8.9.1
OS: darwin x64
Angular:
...
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
现象
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ ng new demo1 --skip-install
create demo1/README.md (1021 bytes)
create demo1/.angular-cli.json (1240 bytes)
...省略
create demo1/src/app/app.component.ts (207 bytes)
error: could not expand include path '~/.gitcinclude'
fatal: bad config line 44 in file /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig
Project 'demo1' successfully created.
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
配置信息
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ cat /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig
[core]
excludesfile = ~/.gitignore
legacyheaders = false # >git 1.5
quotepath = false
[user]
# name = your name
# email = your@name
[mergetool]
keepBackup = true
[push]
default = simple # [ matching | simple ]
[color]
ui = auto
interactive = auto
[repack]
usedeltabaseoffset = true # >git 1.5
[alias]
s = status
a = !git add . && git status
au = !git add -u . && git status
aa = !git add . && git add -u . && git status
c = commit
cm = commit -m
ca = commit --amend # careful
ac = !git add . && git commit
acm = !git add . && git commit -m
l = log --graph --all --pretty=format:'%C(yellow)%h%C(cyan)%d%Creset %s %C(white)- %an, %ar%Creset'
ll = log --stat --abbrev-commit
lg = log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%C(bold white)%h%Creset -%C(bold green)%d%Creset %s %C(bold green)(%cr)%Creset %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit --date=relative
llg = log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%C(bold white)%H %d%Creset%n%s%n%+b%C(bold blue)%an <%ae>%Creset %C(bold green)%cr (%ci)' --abbrev-commit
d = diff
master = checkout master
spull = svn rebase
spush = svn dcommit
alias = !git config --list | grep 'alias\\.' | sed 's/alias\\.\\([^=]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1\\\t => \\2/' | sort
[include] # as of 1.7.10 https://github.com/git/git/commit/9b25a0b52e09400719366f0a33d0d0da98bbf7b0
path = ~/.gitcinclude
path = .githubconfig
path = .gitcredential
#[github]
# user =
# token =
[diff]
# git does copy/rename *detection*. if you want it to track copies/renames:
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1043388/record-file-copy-operation-with-git
# renames = copies
[diff "exif"]
textconv = exif
[credential]
helper = osxkeychain
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
原因
原因似乎是因为～的展开出现了问题，将～在设定文件中展开为全局的名称暂定解决了这个问题，但是结合上文可知，其实是将系统级的设定降到了用户级的处理方式。
修改方法
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ sudo cp /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig.org
Password:
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ echo $HOME
/Users/liumiao
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ echo ~
/Users/liumiao
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ sudo vi /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$ diff /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig /usr/local/git/etc/gitconfig.org
2c2
< excludesfile = /Users/liumiao/.gitignore
---
> excludesfile = ~/.gitignore
44c44
< path = /Users/liumiao/.gitcinclude
---
> path = ~/.gitcinclude
liumiaocn:angualr liumiao$
总结
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