一、介绍
Vagrant是一个构建和管理虚拟机(VirtualBox)的工具。
我的环境：Mac + Vagrant + VirtualBox
网盘下载地址：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LKacXPQcgh3MjgWiIZ0zhQ 密码: n998
二、安装
VirtualBox: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Vagrant: http://downloads.vagrantup.co
三、在线创建虚拟机
1.在官网找到自己想要安装的操作系统：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
2.点进去，执行命令创建并启动虚拟机：https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7
注意：需要单独创建一个目录，在该目录下执行vagrant命令，一个目录对应一个虚拟机。vagrant init会创建一个配置文件Vagrantfile
三、离线创建虚拟机
1.添加
vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
➜ vagrant vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centOs7' (v0) for provider:
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centOs7' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
2.初始化
vagrant init centOs7
➜ vagrant vagrant init centOs7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
3.启动
vagrant up
➜ vagrant vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centOs7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vagrant_default_1612583375721_1893
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
default: your host and reload your VM.
default:
default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28
default: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant
四、常用命令
|
| 命令 |
作用 |
| vagrant box add |
添加box的操作 |
| vagrant init |
初始化box的操作，会生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile |
| vagrant up |
启动本地环境 |
| vagrant ssh |
通过 ssh 登录本地环境所在虚拟机 |
| vagrant halt |
关闭本地环境 |
| vagrant suspend |
暂停本地环境 |
| vagrant resume |
恢复本地环境 |
| vagrant reload |
修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相当于先 halt，再 up） |
| vagrant destroy |
彻底移除本地环境 |
| vagrant box list |
显示当前已经添加的box列表 |
| vagrant box remove |
删除相应的box |
| vagrant status |
获取当前虚拟机的状态 |
五、Vagrantfile常用配置
1.配置固定ip、内存、cpu
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "centOs7"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.cpus = 4
vb.memory = "8192"
end
end
注意：配置后需要vagrant reload
2.配置root用户和ssh免密
vagrant用户登录：vagrant ssh
设置root密码：sudo passwd root
配置ssh免密：ssh-copy-id root@192.168.33.10
ssh登录：ssh root@192.168.33.10
3.关闭防火墙
检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service
参考链接：
https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vagrant/getting-started-index?in=vagrant/getting-started
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